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Sharma, Suresh K.
- A Randomized Control Trial on Efficacy of Gum Chewing in early Return of Bowel Function Among Patients Undergone Elective Abdominal Surgery at Selected Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. Medical Surgical Nursing, DMC & Hospital, College of Nursing, Ludhiana, IN
2 College of Nursing, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, IN
3 Bhopal Nursing College, BMHRC, Bhopal MP, IN
4 Dept. of Gastroenterology Surgery, DMC & Hospital, Ludhiana, IN
5 DMC & Hospital, College of Nursing, Ludhiana, IN
1 Dept. Medical Surgical Nursing, DMC & Hospital, College of Nursing, Ludhiana, IN
2 College of Nursing, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, IN
3 Bhopal Nursing College, BMHRC, Bhopal MP, IN
4 Dept. of Gastroenterology Surgery, DMC & Hospital, Ludhiana, IN
5 DMC & Hospital, College of Nursing, Ludhiana, IN
Source
International Journal of Nursing Education and Research, Vol 3, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 183-189Abstract
Aims and Objective: To assess the efficacy of bubble gum chewing in early return of bowel function among patients undergone elective abdominal surgery.
Background: Delay in early return of bowel functions (Paralytic ileus) is a common side effect of various types of surgical procedure results in constipation and bloating commonly known as postsurgical ileus. The main reason of impaired bowel function after abdominal surgeries include electrolyte imbalances, gastroenteritis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, surgical complications, and obstruction of the mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to the abdomen. Certain drugs and medications, such as opioids and sedatives, can cause ileus by slowing bowel peristalsis, the contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.<SUP>2</SUP> Conventionally, POI has been managed by gastric decompression by Ryle's tube, keeping the patient nil per orally, intravenous fluid supplementation till ileus resolves, and patient passes flatus. In recent years, the use of gum chewing has emerged as a new and simple modality for decreasing POI. It acts by stimulating intestinal motility through cephalic vagal reflex and by increasing the production of gastrointestinal hormones associated with bowel motility.
Design: A randomized, parallel control trial
Method: It was conducted in January 2014 in selected surgery recovery and surgery units at DMC&Hospital, Ludhiana. Out of total 60 subjects, 30 in both experimental and control group were selected by convenience sampling technique. The tool consists of three parts:
* Section A: Socio-demographic sheet.
* Section B: Clinical profile sheet.
* Section C: Bowel movement assessment sheet.
* Section D: Bowel sound auscultation sheet.
Results: As seen first bowel sound heard by auscultation within 21.35±17.58 hours in experimental group which is less than control group i.e 24.96±21.91 hours. Time taken for first flatus passed and tolerance of oral feeds was also comparatively less in experimental group i.e. 37.91±24.40 and 61.62±39.06 respectively as compare to control group i.e. 42.68±27.64 and 73.93±60.69. In addition to it, post-Operative length of hospital stay (in days) was also shorter in experimental group 07.63±03.25 as compare to control group 09.43±5.01. On the other hand, time taken in case of first stool passed and return of appetite is more in experimental group (75.44±37.41 and 37.94±31.03) as compare of control group (69.72±34.75 and 34.16±34.78 respectively).
Conclusion: Although there is difference in mean time but there is no statistical significant difference found in return of bowel functions among experimental and control group.
Relevance to Clinical Practice:
1 Chewing gum can reduce the occurrence of postoperative paralytic ileus.
2 Nurses can use this therapy as a effective measure to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus.
3 Administration of chewing gum can provide mouth freshness to the postoperative clients.
4 Chewing gum can reduce the mental stress and provides relaxation to the post operative clients.
5 Chewing gum serves as a divertional activity too.
Keywords
Efficacy of Chewing Gum, Early Return of Bowel Function, Elective Abdominal Surgery.
- Evaluation of Aldrin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in J774 Macrophages
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 88-96Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the aldrin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in murine macrophage (J774A.1) cells. Acute exposure of aldrin for 2 hrs was given to the J774A.1 cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS at 37oC and 5% CO2 in air with 95% relative humidity under in vitro system. Lethal concentration-50 (LC50) was calculated after exposure period as 7.24 μg/ml. Further, cells were exposed with three different concentration of aldrin (1.81, 3.65 and 7.24 μg/ml) and 0.1% DMSO was used as negative control. The antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymes were determined along with G6pDH, LDH and ALP enzymes in J774A.1 cells. Cells were monitored for cell morphology and apoptosis. Exposure of aldrin to J774A.1cells resulted in increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant enzyme/ nonenzymes system. Further it caused decrease in G6PDH enzymes activity and excess leakage of LDH and ALP enzymes. The aldrin-treated cells showed higher number of apoptotic cells with alteration in cell morphology indicating apoptotic and necrotic changes. These effects were noticed in dose dependant manner. In conclusion, the result of in vitro study suggests that the aldrin can induced the process of apoptosis and cell death through the generation of ROS and thereof oxidative insult in J774A.1 cells.Keywords
Aldrin, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, J774A.1 Cells, Oxidative Stress.References
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- Serum Levels and Half-Life of Carbaryl in Buffalo Calves after Subchronic Exposure:Implications for Withdrwal Times
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 185-189Abstract
Carbaryl is recommended for use on fodders crops in India, but absolutely no work has been done on its toxicokinetics aspect in any species consuming these forage crops, including buffalo species. Since the toxicokinetics serves as a basis for recommending safe withdrawal period of any substance, the aim of this study was to compute important parameters of carbaryl after its subchronic exposure at recommended dose in order to serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. Carbaryl was given at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg daily for 105 consecutive days and blood samples of each animal were collected, followed for extraction of carbaryl in serum. Carbaryl produced a gradual accumulation in serum of buffalo calves after oral exposure. There was variation in serum carbaryl levels from 3.31 ± 0.28 to 3.46 ± 0.61 ppm through day 15 to day 105 of exposure, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed to be 363.0 ± 10.1μg.ml-1.day-1. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.017 ml.kg-1. The overall elimination rate constant (Kel) and mean residential time (MRT) were calculated to be 0.017 ± 0.003 day-1 and 59.1 ± 7.8 days, respectively. Based on mean serum levels of carbaryl, the elimination half life (t1/2β) of carbaryl in buffalo calves was calculated to be 67.37 days. Carbaryl had a long half-life in in buffalo calves. This finding will serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. This is very important since carbaryl is recommended for spraying over fodder crops to control pests. However further studies are needed to verify this by measuring actual tissue residue levels of carbaryl at regular time intervals after exposure.Keywords
Carbaryl, Buffalo, Half-Life, Serum, Chromatography.References
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